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Title: [Q114-Q133] Get 100% Real Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer Accurate & Verified Answers As Seen in the Real Exam!

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 Get 100% Real Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer Exam Questions, Accurate & Verified Answers As Seen in the Real Exam!
Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer Premium Files Updated Sep-2024 Practice Valid Exam Dumps Question


Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Certification Exam is designed to test the skills and knowledge of individuals who are experts in the field of machine learning. Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer certification exam is a comprehensive test that covers a wide range of topics related to machine learning, such as data preparation, model building, model deployment, and monitoring. It is intended for individuals who have experience in developing and deploying machine learning models at scale.
 


QUESTION 114A company is observing low accuracy while training on the default built-in image classification algorithm in Amazon SageMaker. The Data Science team wants to use an Inception neural network architecture instead of a ResNet architecture.Which of the following will accomplish this? (Choose two.)
 Customize the built-in image classification algorithm to use Inception and use this for model training.
 Create a support case with the SageMaker team to change the default image classification algorithm to Inception.
 Bundle a Docker container with TensorFlow Estimator loaded with an Inception network and use this for model training.
 Use custom code in Amazon SageMaker with TensorFlow Estimator to load the model with an Inception network, and use this for model training.
 Download and apt-get installthe inception network code into an Amazon EC2 instance and use this instance as a Jupyter notebook in Amazon SageMaker.
QUESTION 115You are analyzing customer data for a healthcare organization that is stored in Cloud Storage. The data contains personally identifiable information (PII) You need to perform data exploration and preprocessing while ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive fields What should you do?
 Use the Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) API to de-identify the PI! before performing data exploration and preprocessing.
 Use customer-managed encryption keys (CMEK) to encrypt the Pll data at rest and decrypt the Pll data during data exploration and preprocessing.
 Use a VM inside a VPC Service Controls security perimeter to perform data exploration and preprocessing.
 Use Google-managed encryption keys to encrypt the Pll data at rest, and decrypt the Pll data during data exploration and preprocessing.
According to the official exam guide1, one of the skills assessed in the exam is to “design, build, and productionalize ML models to solve business challenges using Google Cloud technologies”. Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) API2 is a service that provides programmatic access to a powerful detection engine for personally identifiable information and other privacy-sensitive data in unstructured data streams, such as text blocks and images. Cloud DLP API helps you discover, classify, and protect your sensitive data by using techniques such as de-identification, masking, tokenization, and bucketing. You can use Cloud DLP API to de-identify the PII data before performing data exploration andpreprocessing, and retain the data utility for ML purposes. Therefore, option A is the best way to perform data exploration and preprocessing while ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive fields. The other options are not relevant or optimal for this scenario.References:* Professional ML Engineer Exam Guide* Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) API* Google Professional Machine Learning Certification Exam 2023* Latest Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Actual Free Exam QuestionsQUESTION 116You are training an object detection model using a Cloud TPU v2. Training time is taking longer than expected. Based on this simplified trace obtained with a Cloud TPU profile, what action should you take to decrease training time in a cost-efficient way?
 Move from Cloud TPU v2 to Cloud TPU v3 and increase batch size.
 Move from Cloud TPU v2 to 8 NVIDIA V100 GPUs and increase batch size.
 Rewrite your input function to resize and reshape the input images.
 Rewrite your input function using parallel reads, parallel processing, and prefetch.
The trace in the question shows that the training time is taking longer than expected. This is likely due to the input function not being optimized. To decrease training time in a cost-efficient way, the best option is to rewrite the input function using parallel reads, parallel processing, and prefetch. This will allow the model to process the data more efficiently and decrease training time. References:* [Cloud TPU Performance Guide]* [Data input pipeline performance guide]QUESTION 117You are implementing a batch inference ML pipeline in Google Cloud. The model was developed using TensorFlow and is stored in SavedModel format in Cloud Storage You need to apply the model to a historical dataset containing 10 TB of data that is stored in a BigQuery table How should you perform the inference?
 Export the historical data to Cloud Storage in Avro format. Configure a Vertex Al batch prediction job to generate predictions for the exported data.
 Import the TensorFlow model by using the create model statement in BigQuery ML Apply the historical data to the TensorFlow model.
 Export the historical data to Cloud Storage in CSV format Configure a Vertex Al batch prediction job to generate predictions for the exported data.
 Configure a Vertex Al batch prediction job to apply the model to the historical data in BigQuery
The best option for implementing a batch inference ML pipeline in Google Cloud, using a model that was developed using TensorFlow and is stored in SavedModel format in Cloud Storage, and a historical dataset containing 10 TB of data that is stored in a BigQuery table, is to configure a Vertex AI batch prediction job to apply the model to the historical data in BigQuery. This option allows you to leverage the power and simplicity of Vertex AI and BigQuery to perform large-scale batch inference with minimal code and configuration. Vertex AI is a unified platform for building and deploying machine learning solutions on Google Cloud. Vertex AI can run a batch prediction job, which can generate predictions for a large number of instances in batches. Vertex AI can also provide various tools and services for data analysis, model development, model deployment, model monitoring, and model governance. A batch prediction job is a resource that can run your model code on Vertex AI. A batch prediction job can help you generate predictions for a large number of instances in batches, and store the prediction results in a destination of your choice. A batch prediction job can accept various input formats, such as JSON, CSV, or TFRecord. A batch prediction job can also accept various input sources, such as Cloud Storage or BigQuery. A TensorFlow model is a resource that represents a machine learning model that is built using TensorFlow. TensorFlow is a framework that can perform large-scale data processing and machine learning. TensorFlow can help you build and train various types of models, such as linear regression, logistic regression, k-means clustering, matrix factorization, and deep neural networks. A SavedModel format is a type of format that can store a TensorFlow model and its associated assets. A SavedModel format can help you save and load your TensorFlow model, and serve it for prediction. A SavedModel format can be stored in Cloud Storage, which is a service that can store and access large-scale data on Google Cloud. A historical dataset is a collection of data that contains historical information about a certain domain. A historical dataset can help you analyze the past trends and patterns of the data, and make predictions for the future. A historical dataset can be stored in BigQuery, which is a service that can store and query large-scale data on Google Cloud. BigQuery can help you analyze your data by using SQL queries, and perform various tasks, such as data exploration, data transformation, or data visualization.By configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to apply the model to the historical data in BigQuery, you can implement a batch inference ML pipeline in Google Cloud with minimal code and configuration. You can use the Vertex AI API or the gcloud command-line tool to configure a batch prediction job, and provide the model name, the model version, the input source, the input format, the output destination, and the output format.Vertex AI will automatically run the batch prediction job, and apply the model to the historical data in BigQuery. Vertex AI will also store the prediction results in a destination of your choice, such as Cloud Storage or BigQuery1.The other options are not as good as option D, for the following reasons:* Option A: Exporting the historical data to Cloud Storage in Avro format, configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to generate predictions for the exported data would require more skills and steps than configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to apply the model to the historical data in BigQuery, and could increase the complexity and cost of the batch inference process. Avro is a type of format that can store and serialize data in a binary format. Avro can help you compress and encode your data, and support schema evolution and compatibility. By exporting the historical data to Cloud Storage in Avro format, configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to generate predictions for the exported data, you can perform batch inference with minimal code and configuration. You can use the BigQuery API or the bq command-line tool to export the historical data to Cloud Storage in Avro format, and use the Vertex* AI API or the gcloud command-line tool to configure a batch prediction job, and provide the model name, the model version, the input source, the input format, the output destination, and the output format. However, exporting the historical data to Cloud Storage in Avro format, configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to generate predictions for the exported data would require more skills and steps than configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to apply the model to the historical data in BigQuery, and could increase the complexity and cost of the batch inference process. You would need to write code, export the historical data to Cloud Storage, configure a batch prediction job, and generate predictions for the exported data. Moreover, this option would not use BigQuery as the input source for the batch prediction job, which can simplify the batch inference process, and provide various benefits, such as fast query performance, serverless scaling, and cost optimization2.* Option B: Importing the TensorFlow model by using the create model statement in BigQuery ML, applying the historical data to the TensorFlow model would not allow you to use Vertex AI to run the batch prediction job, and could increase the complexity and cost of the batch inference process.BigQuery ML is a feature of BigQuery that can create and execute machine learning models in BigQuery by using SQL queries. BigQuery ML can help you build and train various types of models, such as linear regression, logistic regression, k-means clustering, matrix factorization, and deep neural networks. A create model statement is a type of SQL statement that can create a machine learning model in BigQuery ML. A create model statement can help you specify the model name, the model type, the model options, and the model query. By importing the TensorFlow model by using the create model statement in BigQuery ML, applying the historical data to the TensorFlow model, you can perform batch inference with minimal code and configuration. You can use the BigQuery API or the bq command-line tool to import the TensorFlow model by using the create model statement in BigQuery ML, and provide the model name, the model type, the model options, and the model query. You can also use the BigQuery API or the bq command-line tool to apply the historical data to the TensorFlow model, and provide the model name, the input data, and the output destination. However, importing the TensorFlow model by using the create model statement in BigQuery ML, applying the historical data to the TensorFlow model would not allow you to use Vertex AI to run the batch prediction job, and could increase the complexity and cost of the batch inference process. You would need to write code, import the TensorFlow model, apply the historical data, and generate predictions. Moreover, this option would not use Vertex AI, which is a unified platform for building and deploying machine learning solutions on Google Cloud, and provide various tools and services for data analysis, model development, model deployment, model monitoring, and model governance3.* Option C: Exporting the historical data to Cloud Storage in CSV format, configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to generate predictions for the exported data would require more skills and steps than configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to apply the model to the historical data in BigQuery, and could increase the complexity and cost of the batch inference process. CSV is a type of format that can store and serialize data in a comma-separated values format. CSV can help you store and exchange your data, and support various data types and formats. By exporting the historical data to Cloud Storage in CSV format, configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to generate predictions for the exported data, you can perform batch inference with minimal code and configuration. You can use the BigQuery API or the bq command-line tool to export the historical data to Cloud Storage in CSV format, and use the Vertex AI API or the gcloud command-line tool to configure a batch prediction job, and provide the model name, the model version, the input source, the input format, the output destination, and the output format. However, exporting the historical data to Cloud Storage in CSV format, configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to generate predictions for the exported data would require more skills and steps than configuring a Vertex AI batch prediction job to apply the model to the historical data in BigQuery, and could increase the complexity and cost of the batch inference process. You would need to write code, export the historical data to Cloud Storage, configure a batch prediction job, and generate predictions for the exported data. Moreover, this option would not use BigQuery as the input source for* the batch prediction job, which can simplify the batch inference process, and provide various benefits, such as fast query performance, serverless scaling, and cost optimization2.References:* Batch prediction | Vertex AI | Google Cloud* Exporting table data | BigQuery | Google Cloud* Creating and using models | BigQuery ML | Google CloudQUESTION 118A Machine Learning Specialist has completed a proof of concept for a company using a small data sample, and now the Specialist is ready to implement an end-to-end solution in AWS using Amazon SageMaker. The historical training data is stored in Amazon RDS.Which approach should the Specialist use for training a model using that data?
 Write a direct connection to the SQL database within the notebook and pull data in
 Push the data from Microsoft SQL Server to Amazon S3 using an AWS Data Pipeline and provide the S3 location within the notebook.
 Move the data to Amazon DynamoDB and set up a connection to DynamoDB within the notebook to pull data in.
 Move the data to Amazon ElastiCache using AWS DMS and set up a connection within the notebook to pull data in for fast access.
QUESTION 119Your organization wants to make its internal shuttle service route more efficient. The shuttles currently stop at all pick-up points across the city every 30 minutes between 7 am and 10 am. The development team has already built an application on Google Kubernetes Engine that requires users to confirm their presence and shuttle station one day in advance. What approach should you take?
 1. Build a tree-based regression model that predicts how many passengers will be picked up at each shuttle station.2. Dispatch an appropriately sized shuttle and provide the map with the required stops based on the prediction.
 1. Build a tree-based classification model that predicts whether the shuttle should pick up passengers at each shuttle station.2. Dispatch an available shuttle and provide the map with the required stops based on the prediction
 1. Define the optimal route as the shortest route that passes by all shuttle stations with confirmed attendance at the given time under capacity constraints.2 Dispatch an appropriately sized shuttle and indicate the required stops on the map
 1. Build a reinforcement learning model with tree-based classification models that predict the presence of passengers at shuttle stops as agents and a reward function around a distance-based metric2. Dispatch an appropriately sized shuttle and provide the map with the required stops based on the simulated outcome.
QUESTION 120You have deployed a model on Vertex AI for real-time inference. During an online prediction request, you get an “Out of Memory” error. What should you do?
 Use batch prediction mode instead of online mode.
 Send the request again with a smaller batch of instances.
 Use base64 to encode your data before using it for prediction.
 Apply for a quota increase for the number of prediction requests.
* Option A is incorrect because using batch prediction mode instead of online mode does not solve the“Out of Memory” error, but rather changes the latency and throughput of the prediction service. Batch prediction mode is suitable for large-scale, asynchronous, and non-urgent predictions, while online prediction mode is suitable for low-latency, synchronous, and real-time predictions1.* Option B is correct because sending the request again with a smaller batch of instances can reduce the memory consumption of the prediction service and avoid the “Out of Memory” error. The batch size is the number of instances that are processed together in one request. A smaller batch size means less data to load into memory at once2.* Option C is incorrect because using base64 to encode your data before using it for prediction does not reduce the memory consumption of the prediction service, but rather increases it. Base64 encoding is a way of representing binary data as ASCII characters, which increases the size of the data by about33%3. Base64 encoding is only required for certain data types, such as images and audio, that cannot be represented as JSON or CSV4.* Option D is incorrect because applying for a quota increase for the number of prediction requests does not solve the “Out of Memory” error, but rather increases the number of requests that can be sent to the* prediction service per day. Quotas are limits on the usage of Google Cloud resources, such as CPU, memory, disk, and network5. Quotas do not affect the performance of the prediction service, but rather the availability and cost of the service.References:* Choosing between online and batch prediction* Online prediction input data* Base64 encoding* Preparing data for prediction* Quotas and limitsQUESTION 121You have trained a text classification model in TensorFlow using Al Platform. You want to use the trained model for batch predictions on text data stored in BigQuery while minimizing computational overhead. What should you do?
 Export the model to BigQuery ML.
 Deploy and version the model on Al Platform.
 Use Dataflow with the SavedModel to read the data from BigQuery
 Submit a batch prediction job on Al Platform that points to the model location in Cloud Storage.
QUESTION 122You recently developed a wide and deep model in TensorFlow. You generated training datasets using a SQL script that preprocessed raw data in BigQuery by performing instance-level transformations of the data. You need to create a training pipeline to retrain the model on a weekly basis. The trained model will be used to generate daily recommendations. You want to minimize model development and training time. How should you develop the training pipeline?
 Use the Kubeflow Pipelines SDK to implement the pipeline Use the BigQueryJobop component to run the preprocessing script and the customTrainingJobop component to launch a Vertex Al training job.
 Use the Kubeflow Pipelines SDK to implement the pipeline. Use the dataflowpythonjobopcomponent to preprocess the data and the customTraining JobOp component to launch a Vertex Al training job.
 Use the TensorFlow Extended SDK to implement the pipeline Use the Examplegen component with the BigQuery executor to ingest the data the Transform component to preprocess the data, and the Trainer component to launch a Vertex Al training job.
 Use the TensorFlow Extended SDK to implement the pipeline Implement the preprocessing steps as part of the input_fn of the model Use the ExampleGen component with the BigQuery executor to ingest the data and the Trainer component to launch a Vertex Al training job.
* Explanation: TensorFlow Extended (TFX) is a platform for building end-to-end machine learning pipelines using TensorFlow. TFX provides a set of components that can be orchestrated using either the TFX SDK or Kubeflow Pipelines. TFX components can handle different aspects of the pipeline, such as data ingestion, data validation, data transformation, model training, model evaluation, model serving, and more. TFX components can also leverage other Google Cloud services, such as BigQuery, Dataflow, and Vertex AI.* Why not A: Using the Kubeflow Pipelines SDK to implement the pipeline is a valid option, but using the BigQueryJobOp component to run the preprocessing script is not optimal. This would require writing and maintaining a separate SQL script for data transformation, which could introduce inconsistencies and errors. It would also make it harder to reuse the same preprocessing logic for both training and serving.* Why not B: Using the Kubeflow Pipelines SDK to implement the pipeline is a valid option, but using the DataflowPythonJobOp component to preprocess the data is not optimal. This would require writing and maintaining a separate Python script for data transformation, which could introduce inconsistencies and errors. It would also make it harder to reuse the same preprocessing logic for both training and serving.* Why not D: Using the TensorFlow Extended SDK to implement the pipeline is a valid option, but implementing the preprocessing steps as part of the input_fn of the model is not optimal. This would* make the preprocessing logic tightly coupled with the model code, which could reduce modularity and flexibility. It would also make it harder to reuse the same preprocessing logic for both training and serving.QUESTION 123You work at a bank You have a custom tabular ML model that was provided by the bank’s vendor. The training data is not available due to its sensitivity. The model is packaged as a Vertex Al Model serving container which accepts a string as input for each prediction instance. In each string the feature values are separated by commas. You want to deploy this model to production for online predictions, and monitor the feature distribution over time with minimal effort What should you do?
 1 Upload the model to Vertex Al Model Registry and deploy the model to a Vertex Ai endpoint.2. Create a Vertex Al Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective, and provide an instance schema.
 1 Upload the model to Vertex Al Model Registry and deploy the model to a Vertex Al endpoint.2 Create a Vertex Al Model Monitoring job with feature skew detection as the monitoring objective and provide an instance schema.
 1 Refactor the serving container to accept key-value pairs as input format.2. Upload the model to Vertex Al Model Registry and deploy the model to a Vertex Al endpoint.3. Create a Vertex Al Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective.
 1 Refactor the serving container to accept key-value pairs as input format.2 Upload the model to Vertex Al Model Registry and deploy the model to a Vertex Al endpoint.3. Create a Vertex Al Model Monitoring job with feature skew detection as the monitoring objective.
The best option for deploying a custom tabular ML model to production for online predictions, and monitoring the feature distribution over time with minimal effort, using a model that was provided by the bank’s vendor, the training data is not available due to its sensitivity, and the model is packaged as a Vertex AI Model serving container which accepts a string as input for each prediction instance, is to upload the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploy the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, create a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective, and provide an instance schema. This option allows you to leverage the power and simplicity of Vertex AI to serve and monitor your model with minimal code and configuration. Vertex AI is a unified platform for building and deploying machine learning solutions on Google Cloud. Vertex AI can deploy a trained model to an online prediction endpoint, which can provide low-latency predictions for individual instances. Vertex AI can also provide various tools and services for data analysis, model development, model deployment, model monitoring, and model governance. A Vertex AI Model Registry is a resource that can store and manage your models on Vertex AI. A Vertex AI Model Registry can help you organize and track your models, and access various model information, such as model name, model description, and model labels. A Vertex AI Model serving container is a resource that can run your custom model code on Vertex AI. A Vertex AI Model serving container can help you package your model code and dependencies into a container image, and deploy the container image to an online prediction endpoint. A Vertex AI Model serving container can accept various input formats, such as JSON, CSV, or TFRecord. A string input format is a type of input format that accepts a string as input for each prediction instance. A string input format can help you encode your feature values into a single string, and separate them by commas. By uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, you can serve your model for online predictions with minimal code and configuration. You can use the Vertex AI API or the gcloud command-line tool to upload the model to Vertex AI Model Registry, and provide the model name, model description, and model labels. You can also use the Vertex AI API or the gcloud command-line tool to deploy the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, and provide the endpoint name, endpoint description, endpoint labels, and endpoint resources. A Vertex AI Model Monitoring job is a resource that can monitor the performance and quality of your deployed models on Vertex AI. A Vertex AI Model Monitoring job can help you detect and diagnose issues with your models, such as data drift, prediction drift, training/serving skew, or model staleness. Feature drift is a type of model monitoring metric that measures the difference between the distributions of the features used to train the model and the features used to serve the model over time. Feature drift can indicate that the online data is changing over time, and the model performance is degrading. By creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective, and providing an instance schema, you can monitor the feature distribution over time with minimal effort. You can use the Vertex AI API or the gcloud command-line tool to create a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job, and provide the monitoring objective, the monitoring frequency, the alerting threshold, and the notification channel. You can also provide an instance schema, which is a JSON file that describes the features and their types in the prediction input data. An instance schema can help Vertex AI Model Monitoring parse and analyze the string input format, and calculate the feature distributions and distance scores1.The other options are not as good as option A, for the following reasons:* Option B: Uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature skew detection as the monitoring objective, and providing an instance schema would not help you monitor the changes in the online data over time, and could cause errors or poor performance. Feature skew is a type of model monitoring metric that measures the difference between the distributions of the features used to train the model and* the features used to serve the model at a given point in time. Feature skew can indicate that the model is not trained on the representative data, or that the data is changing over time. By creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature skew detection as the monitoring objective, and providing an instance schema, you can monitor the feature distribution at a given point in time with minimal effort.However, uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature skew detection as the monitoring objective, and providing an instance schema would not help you monitor the changes in the online data over time, and could cause errors or poor performance. You would need to use the Vertex AI API or the gcloud command-line tool to upload the model to Vertex AI Model Registry, deploy the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, create a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job, and provide an instance schema. Moreover, this option would not monitor the feature drift, which is a more direct and relevant metric for measuring the changes in the online data over time, and the model performance and quality1.* Option C: Refactoring the serving container to accept key-value pairs as input format, uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective would require more skills and steps than uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective, and providing an instance schema. A key-value pair input format is a type of input format that accepts a key-value pair as input for each prediction instance. A key-value pair input format can help you specify the feature names and values in a JSON object, and separate them by colons. By refactoring the serving container to accept key-value pairs as input format, uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective, you can serve and monitor your model with minimal code and configuration. You can write code to refactor the serving container to accept key-value pairs as input format, anduse the Vertex AI API or the gcloud command-line tool to upload the model to Vertex AI Model Registry, deploy the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, and create a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job. However, refactoring the serving container to accept key-value pairs as input format, uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective would require more skills and steps than uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective, and providing an instance schema. You would need to write code, refactor the serving container, upload the model to Vertex AI Model Registry, deploy the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, and create a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job. Moreover, this option would not use the instance schema, which is a JSON file that can help Vertex AI Model Monitoring parse and analyze the string input format, and calculate the feature distributions and distance scores1.* Option D: Refactoring the serving container to accept key-value pairs as input format, uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature skew detection as the monitoring objective would require more skills and steps than uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective, and providing an instance schema, and would not help you monitor the changes in the online data over time, and could cause errors or poor performance. Feature skew is a type of model monitoring metric that measures the difference between the distributions of the features used to train the model and the features used to serve the model at a given point in time. Feature skew can indicate that the model is not trained on the representative data, or that the data is changing over time. By creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature skew detection as the monitoring objective, you can monitor the feature distribution at a given point in time with minimal effort. However, refactoring the* serving container to accept key-value pairs as input format, uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature skew detection as the monitoring objective would require more skills and steps than uploading the model to Vertex AI Model Registry and deploying the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, creating a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job with feature drift detection as the monitoring objective, and providing an instance schema, and would not help you monitor the changes in the online data over time, and could cause errors or poor performance. You would need to write code, refactor the serving container, upload the model to Vertex AI Model Registry, deploy the model to a Vertex AI endpoint, and create a Vertex AI Model Monitoring job. Moreover, this option would not monitor the feature drift, which is a more direct and relevant metric formeasuring the changes in the online data over time, and the model performance and quality1.References:* Using Model Monitoring | Vertex AI | Google CloudQUESTION 124You work at a subscription-based company. You have trained an ensemble of trees and neural networks to predict customer churn, which is the likelihood that customers will not renew their yearly subscription. The average prediction is a 15% churn rate, but for a particular customer the model predicts that they are 70% likely to churn. The customer has a product usage history of 30%, is located in New York City, and became a customer in 1997. You need to explain the difference between the actual prediction, a 70% churn rate, and the average prediction. You want to use Vertex Explainable AI. What should you do?
 Train local surrogate models to explain individual predictions.
 Configure sampled Shapley explanations on Vertex Explainable AI.
 Configure integrated gradients explanations on Vertex Explainable AI.
 Measure the effect of each feature as the weight of the feature multiplied by the feature value.
* Option A is incorrect because training local surrogate models to explain individual predictions is not a feature of Vertex Explainable AI, but rather a general technique for interpreting black-box models. Local surrogate models are simpler models that approximate the behavior of the original model around a specific input1.* Option B is correct because configuring sampled Shapley explanations on Vertex Explainable AI is a way to explain the difference between the actual prediction and the average prediction for a given* input. Sampled Shapley explanations are based on the Shapley value, which is a game-theoretic concept that measures how much each feature contributes to the prediction2. Vertex Explainable AI supports sampled Shapley explanations for tabular data, such as customer churn3.* Option C is incorrect because configuring integrated gradients explanations on Vertex Explainable AI is not suitable for explaining the difference between the actual prediction and the average prediction for a given input. Integrated gradients explanations are based on the idea of computing the gradients of the prediction with respect to the input features along a path from a baseline input to the actual input4. Vertex Explainable AI supports integrated gradients explanations for image and text data, but not for tabular data3.* Option D is incorrect because measuring the effect of each feature as the weight of the feature multiplied by the feature value is not a valid way to explain the difference between the actual prediction and the average prediction for a given input. This method assumes that the model is linear and additive, which is not the case for an ensemble of trees and neural networks. Moreover, this method does not account for the interactions between features or the non-linearity of the model5.References:* Local surrogate models* Shapley value* Vertex Explainable AI overview* Integrated gradients* Feature importanceQUESTION 125You need to design an architecture that serves asynchronous predictions to determine whether a particular mission-critical machine part will fail. Your system collects data from multiple sensors from the machine. You want to build a model that will predict a failure in the next N minutes, given the average of each sensor’s data from the past 12 hours. How should you design the architecture?
 1. HTTP requests are sent by the sensors to your ML model, which is deployed as a microservice and exposes a REST API for prediction2. Your application queries a Vertex AI endpoint where you deployed your model.3. Responses are received by the caller application as soon as the model produces the prediction.
 1. Events are sent by the sensors to Pub/Sub, consumed in real time, and processed by a Dataflow stream processing pipeline.2. The pipeline invokes the model for prediction and sends the predictions to another Pub/Sub topic.3. Pub/Sub messages containing predictions are then consumed by a downstream system for monitoring.
 1. Export your data to Cloud Storage using Dataflow.2. Submit a Vertex AI batch prediction job that uses your trained model in Cloud Storage to perform scoring on the preprocessed data.3. Export the batch prediction job outputs from Cloud Storage and import them into Cloud SQL.
 1. Export the data to Cloud Storage using the BigQuery command-line tool2. Submit a Vertex AI batch prediction job that uses your trained model in Cloud Storage to perform scoring on the preprocessed data.3. Export the batch prediction job outputs from Cloud Storage and import them into BigQuery.
QUESTION 126You recently trained an XGBoost model on tabular data You plan to expose the model for internal use as an HTTP microservice After deployment you expect a small number of incoming requests. You want to productionize the model with the least amount of effort and latency. What should you do?
 Deploy the model to BigQuery ML by using CREATE model with the BOOSTED-THREE-REGRESSOR statement and invoke the BigQuery API from the microservice.
 Build a Flask-based app Package the app in a custom container on Vertex Al and deploy it to Vertex Al Endpoints.
 Build a Flask-based app Package the app in a Docker image and deploy it to Google Kubernetes Engine in Autopilot mode.
 Use a prebuilt XGBoost Vertex container to create a model and deploy it to Vertex Al Endpoints.
QUESTION 127You are going to train a DNN regression model with Keras APIs using this code:How many trainable weights does your model have? (The arithmetic below is correct.)
 501*256+257*128+2 = 161154
 500*256+256*128+128*2 = 161024
 501*256+257*128+128*2=161408
 500*256*0 25+256*128*0 25+128*2 = 40448
The number of trainable weights in a DNN regression model with Keras APIs can be calculated by multiplying the number of input units by the number of output units for each layer, and adding the number of bias units for each layer. The bias units are usually equal to the number of output units,except for the last layer, which does not have bias units if the activation function is softmax1. In this code, the model has three layers: a dense layer with 256 units and relu activation, a dropout layer with 0.25 rate, and a dense layer with 2 units and softmax activation. The input shape is 500. Therefore, the number of trainable weights is:* For the first layer: 500 input units * 256 output units + 256 bias units = 128256* For the second layer: The dropout layer does not have any trainable weights, as it only randomly sets some of the input units to zero to prevent overfitting2.* For the third layer: 256 input units * 2 output units + 0 bias units = 512 The total number of trainable weights is 128256 + 512 = 161024. Therefore, the correct answer is B.References:* How to calculate the number of parameters for a Convolutional Neural Network?* Dropout (keras.io)QUESTION 128You are developing an ML pipeline using Vertex Al Pipelines. You want your pipeline to upload a new version of the XGBoost model to Vertex Al Model Registry and deploy it to Vertex Al End points for online inference. You want to use the simplest approach. What should you do?
 Use the Vertex Al REST API within a custom component based on a vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu image.
 Use the Vertex Al ModelEvaluationOp component to evaluate the model.
 Use the Vertex Al SDK for Python within a custom component based on a python: 3.10 Image.
 Chain the Vertex Al ModelUploadOp and ModelDeployop components together.
QUESTION 129You built and manage a production system that is responsible for predicting sales numbers. Model accuracy is crucial, because the production model is required to keep up with market changes. Since being deployed to production, the model hasn’t changed; however the accuracy of the model has steadily deteriorated. What issue is most likely causing the steady decline in model accuracy?
 Poor data quality
 Lack of model retraining
 Too few layers in the model for capturing information
 Incorrect data split ratio during model training, evaluation, validation, and test
Retraining is needed as the market is changing. its how the Model keep updated and predictions accuracy.QUESTION 130You are an ML engineer at a global car manufacturer. You need to build an ML model to predict car sales in different cities around the world. Which features or feature crosses should you use to train city-specific relationships between car type and number of sales?
 Three individual features binned latitude, binned longitude, and one-hot encoded car type
 One feature obtained as an element-wise product between latitude, longitude, and car type
 One feature obtained as an element-wise product between binned latitude, binned longitude, and one-hot encoded car type
 Two feature crosses as a element-wise product the first between binned latitude and one-hot encoded car type, and the second between binned longitude and one-hot encoded car type
QUESTION 131You are pre-training a large language model on Google Cloud. This model includes custom TensorFlow operations in the training loop Model training will use a large batch size, and you expect training to take several weeks You need to configure a training architecture that minimizes both training time and compute costs What should you do?
 
 
 
 
QUESTION 132You work for a large retailer and you need to build a model to predict customer churn. The company has a dataset of historical customer data, including customer demographics, purchase history, and website activity.You need to create the model in BigQuery ML and thoroughly evaluate its performance. What should you do?
 Create a linear regression model in BigQuery ML and register the model in Vertex Al Model Registry Evaluate the model performance in Vertex Al.
 Create a logistic regression model in BigQuery ML and register the model in Vertex Al Model Registry.Evaluate the model performance in Vertex Al.
 Create a linear regression model in BigQuery ML Use the ml. evaluate function to evaluate the model performance.
 Create a logistic regression model in BigQuery ML Use the ml.confusion_matrix function to evaluate the model performance.
Customer churn is a binary classification problem, where the target variable is whether a customer has churned or not. Therefore, a logistic regression model is more suitable than a linear regression model, which is used for regression problems. A logistic regression model can output the probability of a customer churning, which can be used to rank the customers by their churn risk and take appropriate actions1.BigQuery ML is a service that allows you to create and execute machine learning models in BigQuery using standard SQL queries2. You can use BigQuery ML to create a logistic regression model for customer churn prediction by using the CREATE MODEL statement and specifying the LOGISTIC_REG model type3. You can use the historical customer data as the input table for the model, and specify the features and the label columns3.Vertex AI Model Registry is a central repository where you can manage the lifecycle of your ML models4. You can import models from various sources, such as BigQuery ML, AutoML, or custom models, and assign them to different versions and aliases4. You can also deploy models to endpoints, which are resources that provide a service URL for online prediction.By registering the BigQuery ML model in Vertex AI Model Registry, you can leverage the Vertex AI features to evaluate and monitor the model performance4. You can use Vertex AI Experiments to track and compare the metrics of different model versions, such as accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC. You can also use Vertex AI Explainable AI to generate feature attributions that show how much each input feature contributed to the model’s prediction.The other options are not suitable for your scenario, because they either use the wrong model type, such as linear regression, or they do not use Vertex AI to evaluate the model performance, which would limit the insights and actions you can take based on the model results.References:* Logistic Regression for Machine Learning* Introduction to BigQuery ML | Google Cloud* Creating a logistic regression model | BigQuery ML | Google Cloud* Introduction to Vertex AI Model Registry | Google Cloud* [Deploy a model to an endpoint | Vertex AI | Google Cloud]* [Vertex AI Experiments | Google Cloud]QUESTION 133As the lead ML Engineer for your company, you are responsible for building ML models to digitize scanned customer forms. You have developed a TensorFlow model that converts the scanned images into text and stores them in Cloud Storage. You need to use your ML model on the aggregated data collected at the end of each day with minimal manual intervention. What should you do?
 Use the batch prediction functionality of Al Platform
 Create a serving pipeline in Compute Engine for prediction
 Use Cloud Functions for prediction each time a new data point is ingested
 Deploy the model on Al Platform and create a version of it for online inference.
https://cloud.google.com/ai-platform/prediction/docs/batch-predict Loading …






	
	

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